On the introduction and the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome ICD-10 includes the recognition of metabolic syndrome with the diagnostic cord E88.81 by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the American Heart Association. There are a lot of diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome but some metabolic syndrome criteria involve multiple factors like abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure level, low high-density lipids, cholesterol level, glucose intolerance, and hypertension are the major criteria involved in metabolic syndrome. For a person to diagnose a metabolic syndrome he or she must meet a specific criterion like the combination of risk determinants like abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.
Etiology and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome
When we talk about the etiology and risk factors of metabolic syndrome the main driver behind the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance, which is a type in which the cells become less responses to hormonal insulin this is the leading cause of metabolic abnormalities like
- insulin resistance
- abdominal obesity
- physical inactivity
- genetic factors and family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.
There are also other contributing factors like an unhealthy diet that is high amounts of refined carbs and unhealthy fats, aging is also another factor, and certain medications like the use of steroids are also major contributing factors in metabolic syndrome.
The presence of at least three of the following criteria indicates metabolic syndrome
- Abdominal obesity (circumference is≥ 102 CM in men are ≥ 88 CM in women)
- High triglycerides ≥ 150 mg /DL
- Low HDL cholesterol < 40 mg /dL in men or < 50mg / DL in women
- High blood pressure equal to≥ 130/ 85 mmHg
- High fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg /DL
Insulin Resistance
Based on detailed research insulin resistance is the key risk factor that has the driving potential of metabolic syndrome there are several key points in the case of insulin resistance like
- Insulin is closely related to the development of various components of metabolic syndrome like abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose.
- Insulin resistance is also a promoting and contributing factor in the development of type-2 diabetes which is also a major complication of metabolic syndrome.
- Insulin resistances are also involved in hyperinsulinemia which is also called high insulin level.
Physical Inactivity
Based on detailed research physical inactivity is a key factor for the development of a metabolic syndrome here are the key points related to physical in activity:
- Physical activity may be defined as a lack of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is an important risk factor for metabolic syndrome
- Sedentary behaviors, behaviors or activities that involve low levels of energy expenditure like sitting, lying down, and watching TV are independently associated with increased metabolic risk.
Obesity
Then we talk about obesity as a risk factor of the development of metabolic syndrome here some key points are listed below:
- Obesity especially abdominal and Central obesity is the major factor contributing the metabolic syndrome
- Carrying excessive weight, especially in the abdominal region, can increase the risk of various components of metabolic syndrome like insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and low HDL cholesterol.
- And search indicates that having a body mass index (BM) greater than 25 is a criterion for an overweight or obvious person that is also a potential risk determinant of metabolic syndrome.
Genetic predisposition
Based on detailed research on genetic predisposition as a leading factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, the main key points are given below
- First, metabolic syndrome has a strong genetic component which are rare or common genetic variants that contribute to the risk of metabolic syndrome
- One of the famous Genome-wide association studies has confirmed many single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with the individual component of metabolic syndrome such as obesity.
Management and Treatment of metabolic syndrome
Moving to next when we talk about the management and the treatment of metabolic syndrome there are several factors and many strategies that we can adopt in case of the management and treatment of metabolic syndromes here are some of the strategies which are provided by different sources are listed below:
lifestyle modification:
lifestyle modification includes diet modification diet we can say heart heart-healthy diet includes a high intake of fruits vegetables, nuts, and other kinds of foods that have low saturated fats.
Exercise:
is also another lifestyle modification which is an engagement of regular physical activity for at least 30 to 60 minutes to improve your heart, blood pressure, and weight.
Smoking cessation:
quitting smoking and avoiding a smoke can also reduce cardiovascular risk which is also have potential factor in causing metabolic syndrome.
Medical interventions:
In case if lifestyle changes are insufficient then medication may be prescribed to control the BP, cholesterol level, blood sugar level, and other metabolic risk factors.
Preventions and Public Health Implementation
Moving next the topic is the prevention of metabolic syndrome in case of preventive measures healthy diet physical activity weight management and lifestyle changes are parameters that can be preventive measures in case of metabolic syndrome like the regular exercise of about 150 minutes (about 2 and a half hours) for a week can prove your healthy diet like whole grains fruits and vegetables can improve your health or weight management.
Another important thing that could be discussed is public health implementation in case of public health implementation education and awareness, policy interventions, and health care system support factors that contribute towards the public health implementations of metabolic syndrome findings.
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Conclusion
Anyhow metabolic syndrome ICD-10 is recognized by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the American Heart Association. there are the several factors discussed above like insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic factors that are the contributing factors of metabolic syndrome next all there are several kinds of Management and treatment for metabolic syndrome lifestyle modification, smoking cessation, medical interventions and lot of preventions and health implementations are also available in these lines.